20 Strings library [strings]

20.3 String classes [string.classes]

20.3.3 Non-member functions [string.nonmembers]

20.3.3.1 operator+ [string.op.plus]

🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs);
1
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> r = lhs;
r.append(rhs);
return r;
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& lhs, const charT* rhs);
2
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
lhs.append(rhs);
return std::move(lhs);
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& lhs, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& rhs);
3
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
lhs.append(rhs);
return std::move(lhs);
except that both lhs and rhs are left in valid but unspecified states.
[ Note
:
If lhs and rhs have equal allocators, the implementation may move from either.
— end note
 ]
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const charT* lhs, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& rhs);
4
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
rhs.insert(0, lhs);
return std::move(rhs);
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs);
5
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> r = rhs;
r.insert(0, lhs);
return r;
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(charT lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs);
6
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> r = rhs;
r.insert(r.begin(), lhs);
return r;
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(charT lhs, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& rhs);
7
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
rhs.insert(rhs.begin(), lhs);
return std::move(rhs);
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, charT rhs);
8
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> r = lhs;
r.push_back(rhs);
return r;
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> operator+(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&& lhs, charT rhs);
9
#
Effects: Equivalent to: 
lhs.push_back(rhs);
return std::move(lhs);

20.3.3.2 Non-member comparison functions [string.cmp]

🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator==(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator==(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator==(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator!=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator!=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator!=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator< (const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator< (const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator< (const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator> (const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator> (const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator> (const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>=(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, const charT* rhs);
1
#
Effects: Let op be the operator.
Equivalent to: 
  return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(lhs) op basic_string_view<charT, traits>(rhs);

20.3.3.3 swap [string.special]

🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> void swap(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& lhs, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs)));
1
#
Effects: Equivalent to lhs.swap(rhs).

20.3.3.4 Inserters and extractors [string.io]

🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_istream<charT, traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str);
1
#
Effects: Behaves as a formatted input function.
After constructing a sentry object, if the sentry converts to true, calls str.erase() and then extracts characters from is and appends them to str as if by calling str.append(1, c).
If is.width() is greater than zero, the maximum number n of characters appended is is.width(); otherwise n is str.max_­size().
Characters are extracted and appended until any of the following occurs:
  • (1.1)
    n characters are stored;
  • (1.2)
    end-of-file occurs on the input sequence;
  • (1.3)
    isspace(c, is.getloc()) is true for the next available input character c.
2
#
After the last character (if any) is extracted, is.width(0) is called and the sentry object is destroyed.
3
#
If the function extracts no characters, it calls is.setstate(ios::failbit), which may throw ios_­base::failure ([iostate.flags]).
4
#
Returns: is.
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_ostream<charT, traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str);
5
#
Effects: Equivalent to: return os << basic_­string_­view<charT, traits>(str);
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_istream<charT, traits>& getline(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str, charT delim); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_istream<charT, traits>& getline(basic_istream<charT, traits>&& is, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str, charT delim);
6
#
Effects: Behaves as an unformatted input function, except that it does not affect the value returned by subsequent calls to basic_­istream<>::gcount().
After constructing a sentry object, if the sentry converts to true, calls str.erase() and then extracts characters from is and appends them to str as if by calling str.append(1, c) until any of the following occurs:
  • (6.1)
    end-of-file occurs on the input sequence (in which case, the getline function calls is.setstate(​ios_­base::eofbit)).
  • (6.2)
    traits::eq(c, delim) for the next available input character c (in which case, c is extracted but not appended) ([iostate.flags])
  • (6.3)
    str.max_­size() characters are stored (in which case, the function calls is.setstate(ios_­base::failbit)) ([iostate.flags])
7
#
The conditions are tested in the order shown.
In any case, after the last character is extracted, the sentry object is destroyed.
8
#
If the function extracts no characters, it calls is.setstate(ios_­base::failbit) which may throw ios_­base::failure ([iostate.flags]).
9
#
Returns: is.
🔗
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_istream<charT, traits>& getline(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_istream<charT, traits>& getline(basic_istream<charT, traits>&& is, basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str);
10
#
Returns: getline(is, str, is.widen('\n')).

20.3.3.5 Erasure [string.erasure]

🔗
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator, class U> void erase(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& c, const U& value);
1
#
Effects: Equivalent to: c.erase(remove(c.begin(), c.end(), value), c.end());
🔗
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator, class Predicate> void erase_if(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& c, Predicate pred);
2
#
Effects: Equivalent to: c.erase(remove_­if(c.begin(), c.end(), pred), c.end());